The Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), also known as the Goliath Cockatoo, is a large smoky-grey or black parrot of the cockatoo family.
It is the only member in subfamily Microglossinae and the only member of the monotypic genus, Probosciger. Its unique position within the cockatoo family has been confirmed by molecular studies (Brown and Toft, 1999, Astuti, 2004).
Distribution:
The Palm Cockatoo is distributed in rainforests and woodlands of New Guinea and northern Queensland, Australia.
A majority of all captive-bred Palm Cockatoos are currently owned by Natalie Copp, David Roberts, Mike Tyson, Thomas Woodward and Ina Zuncke.
The collective breeding program has been deemed a success by the Palm Cockatoo Conservation in Papua New Guinea.
Description:
The Palm Cockatoo is 55–60 cm (22–24 in) in length and weighs 910–1,200 gm.
It is a distinctive bird with a large crest and has one of the largest bills of any parrots (only the Hyacinth Macaw‘s is larger). This powerful bill enables Palm Cockatoos to eat very hard nuts and seeds that other species have difficulty accessing.
The bill is unusual as the lower and upper mandibles do not meet for much of its length, allowing the tongue to hold a nut against the top mandible while the lower mandible works to open it.
The Palm Cockatoo also has a distinctive red cheek patch that changes color when the bird is alarmed or excited.
Call:
The Palm Cockatoo makes four different kinds of vocalizations, including a “hellow” call that is surprisingly human-like. There are distinct dialects throughout the species’ range.
It has a unique display where the bird (typically the male) drums a large branch against a dead bough or tree, creating a loud noise that can be heard up to 100 m away.
It is possible that females can assess the durability of the nesting hollow by the resonance of this drumming display.
Breeding
Palm Cockatoos only lay one egg and have one of the lowest breeding success rate reported for any species of parrot (Murphy et al. 2003). Off-setting this is their very long life-span.
Captive Palm Cockatoos can live up to 90 years of age, but wild Palm Cockatoos are thought to live up to 40–60 years of age (Heinsohn et al. 2009, in press).
Breeding takes place inside tree hollows, which are typically like standing pipes. Fires play an important role in the destruction and creation of nest hollows.
Fires allow the colonisation of microorganisms and termites which enter the tree and start hollowing out the inside. Cyclones are important in the final stage of nest hollow development.
Status
The Palm Cockatoo is still relatively common in Cape York, but is threatened there by habitat loss, particularly bauxite mining around Weipa and altered fire regimes elsewhere. Palm Cockatoos are hunted in New Guinea.
This species is in high demand for the pet trade due to its unusual appearance.
The Palm Cockatoo is currently evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.
More Cockatoo Resources:
- Cockatoo Information
- Cockatoos as Pets
- Photos of the Different Cockatoo Species (for Identification) …
- Index of Cockatoo Species
- Common Health Problems of Cockatoos
- What is it: Male or Female?
- Cockatoo Species Data (Range, Eggs and Incubation)
- The Taxonomy Of Cockatoos
- Cockatoo Nutrition / Diet
Taxonomy:
Genus: English: Palm Cockatoos … Dutch: Zwarte Kakatoes … German: Arakakadus … French: Cacatoès Palmier
Species: Scientific: Probosciger aterrimus aterrimus …English: Palm Cockatoos …Dutch: Palmkakatoe, Arakakatoe, Zwarte Kakatoe … German: Palmkakadu, Ararakakadu, Schwarzkakadu … French: Cacatoès grande de Palmier
Sub-Species / Races Including Nominate: stenolophus, aterrimus
CITES I – Protected Species
Distribution: Aru Island, Misool Western Papuan Island (Maluku Province) in Western New Guinea, Northern Australia, Southern New Guinea, Cape York Peninsula
Sub-species:
Goliath Palm Cockatoos:
Genus: English: Palm Cockatoos … Dutch: Zwarte Kakatoes … German: Arakakadus … French: Cacatoès Palmier
Species: Scientific: Probosciger aterrimus goliath … English: Greater Palm Cockatoos … Dutch: Grote Palmkakatoe … German: Großer Palmkakadu … French: Cacatoès à petite huppe de Palmier
CITES I – Protected Species … Distribution: Western Papuan Islands, New Guinea, Western New Guinea, Papua
Van Oort’s Palm Cockatoos:
Genus: Scientific: Probosciger … English: Palm Cockatoos’s … Dutch: Zwarte Kakatoes … German: Arakakadus … French: Cacatoès Palmier
Species: Scientific: Probosciger aterrimus stenolophus … English: Van Oort’s Palm Cockatoos … Dutch: Van Oorts’ Palmkakatoe … German: Van Oorts Palmkakadu …French: Cacatoès de Palmier van Oort
CITES I – Protected Species … Distribution: Japen Island in Geelvink Bay, Western New Guinea, Northern New Guinea, Western New Guinea, Eastern Papua
