Spix’s Macaws: References & Recommended Readings

Macaw Information … Photos of the Different Macaw Species for Identification

Spix’s Macaw Main Species Information Page (Overview, Captive Populations, Conservation Programs, Global Names, The mystery of the last wild Spix’s Macaw, Distribution / Range, Habitat, Description, Behavior, Communications / Vocalizations, Diet / Feeding, Breeding / Nesting, Lifespan)

Historic Background of the Spix’s Macaw

Threats, Conservation Programs, Status

Spix Macaws in Aviculture

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References & Recommended Readings

Juniper, T (2002): Spix’s Macaw – Race to Save the World’s Rarest Bird, Harper Collins, London, UK (a book written about Spix’s Macaw — which is the most extensive resource on the Spix’s Macaw) The book is available over Amazon — but pdf formats are also available over Googles Books. It is very well written and very captivating.

Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Qatar, Persian Gulf, Middle East (the most successful captive breeding program in the world)

Roth, P.G. (1990): Spix-Ara Cyanopsitta spixii: was wissen wir heute über diese seltenen Vögel? Bericht über ein 1985-1988 durchgeführtes Projekt. Papageien 3/90: 86-88, 4/90: 121-125.

Barros, Y. M. (2001): Biologia Comportamental de Propyrrhura maracana (Aves Psittacidae): Fundamentos para conservação in situ de Cyanopsitta spixii(Aves – Psittacidae) na caatinga. Tese de doutorado. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Rio Claro – SP.

Bruford MW, Hanotte O, Brookfield JFY, Burke T (1992) Single-locus and multilocus DNA fingerprinting. In: Molecular  Genetic  Analysis of Populations– A Practical Approach (ed. Hoelzel AR), pp. 225–269. Oxford University Press, New York.

Grant PR, Grant BR (1992) Hybridization of bird species. Science,  256, 193–197.

Da-Ré, M. (1994): Projeto Ararinha Azul. Relatório não publicado e proposta para o CPRAA, submetida entre setembro e dezembro 1994; draft.

Griffiths R, Double MC, Orr K, Dawson RJG (1998) A simple DNA test to sex most birds. Mol. Ecol., 7, 1071.

Griffiths R, Tiwari B (1995) Sex of the last wild Spix’s macaw. Nature, 375, 454.

IUCN 2004. The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Miyaki CY, Griffiths R, Orr K, Nahum LA, Pereira SL, Wajntal A (1998) Zoobiology, 17, 415–423.

Pontual, F.B. (1992)

Roth, P.G. (1990): Spix-Ara Cyanopsitta spixii: was wissen wir heute über diese seltenen Vögel? Bericht über ein 1985-1988 durchgeführtes Projekt. Papageien 3/90: 86-88, 4/90: 121-125.

Zhen L, Swank RT (1993) A simple and high yield method for recovering DNA from agarose gels. Bio Techniques, 14, 894– 896.

Gaurav Dhir

Gaurav is an animal enthusiast. He lives in beautiful Ontario with his energetic family. As a part of his work at beautyofbirds.com, he has been working with ace parrot trainer, Cassie Malina to understand bird behavior and learn more about how he can train his feathered companions.